What is it?

CDP-choline, also known as citicoline, is a natural molecule formed from choline and cytidine. In the body it takes part in the production of phosphatidylcholine, one of the main building blocks of nerve cell membranes. Choline is also involved in the production of certain neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine.

Why do we use it?

CDP-choline is a phospholipid precursor that we use in our composition based on considerations of complex formulation design.

DID YOU KNOW?

CDP-choline is a molecule that also occurs in the body and has been used in food supplements for years.

Related literature

McGlade, E., Locatelli, A., Hardy, J., Kamiya, T., Morita, M., Morishita, K., Sugimura, Y., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2012). Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(6), 769-773. DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.36103

What is it?

Choline is a water-soluble essential nutrient, first isolated by Adolph Strecker from pig bile in 1849. In the early 20th century, Charles Best and his colleagues discovered that the choline found in lecithin plays an important role in maintaining liver health. Choline is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin, which are fundamental components of cell membranes. It is also needed to produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which plays a role in several physiological processes related to the functioning of the nervous system.

Why do we use it?

The choline content of lumiblu Focus is the result of a conscious formulation decision that takes the biochemical significance of the compound into account, and choline is also widely used in food supplements.

DID YOU KNOW?

Choline occurs naturally in foods such as egg yolk, liver and some vegetables. The body can also produce it, and it is often used in food supplements.

Related literature

Zeisel, S. H. (2006). Annual Review of Nutrition, 26, 229-250. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.061505.111156

What is it?

L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid, first isolated from cheese in 1846 by the German chemist Justus von Liebig, which is where its name comes from (the Greek word “tyros” means cheese). It takes part in many important processes in the body, including the production of substances such as dopamine, adrenaline and noradrenaline, as well as thyroid hormones and melanin.

Why do we use it?

L-tyrosine is in the lumiblu Focus formula because it is present in the human body as a valuable building block. As a naturally occurring amino acid, it fits well with a philosophy built on scientifically grounded yet gentle ingredients.

DID YOU KNOW?

L-tyrosine occurs naturally in protein-rich foods such as cheese, eggs and meat.

Related literature

Colzato, L. S., Jongkees, B. J., Sellaro, R., & Hommel, B. (2013). Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 200. DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00200
Neri, D. F., Wiegmann, D., Stanny, R. R., Shappell, S. A., McCardie, A., & McKay, D. L. (1995). Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 66(4), 313-319. PMID: 7794222

What is it?

Bacopa monnieri, also known as Brahmi, is an aquatic plant that has been used in Ayurvedic traditions for thousands of years. It is named after Brahma, the Hindu god of knowledge and wisdom.

Why do we use it?

Bacopa monnieri has become popular in modern food supplements because of its long history and traditional use. Its presence in the lumiblu Focus formula reflects our commitment to ingredients of natural origin with historical value.

DID YOU KNOW?

Bacopa monnieri is one of the best-known plants of the Ayurvedic tradition and is highly valued in many cultures.

Related literature

Stough, C., Downey, L. A., Lloyd, J., Silber, B., Redman, S., Hutchison, C., Wesnes, K., & Nathan, P. J. (2008). Phytotherapy Research, 22(12), 1629-1634. DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2537
Rai, D., Bhatia, G., Palit, G., Pal, R., Singh, S., & Singh, H. K. (2003). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, 75(4), 823-830. DOI: 10.1016/S0091-3057(03)00156-4

What is it?

Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid, a fat-like molecule that is a natural component of the membrane of every human cell and occurs in particularly large amounts in nerve tissue. The body produces it itself, and we also take in smaller amounts with food, for example from fish, meat and soy. It was first isolated in 1941 by Jordi Folch from a lipid mixture obtained from brain tissue, known as cephalin.

Why do we use it?

Phosphatidylserine is a natural building block of cell membranes and has been used in food supplements for decades. lumiblu Focus contains phosphatidylserine from fish, 100 mg in the daily 2 capsules, and it became part of the formula as part of the careful design of the complex composition.

DID YOU KNOW?

The first phosphatidylserine preparations in the 1980s and 1990s were still made from bovine brain cortex, whereas today supplements contain almost exclusively plant-derived (soy, sunflower) or marine phosphatidylserine. The molecule is named after the amino acid serine, which forms the head group of the phospholipid.

Related literature

Folch, J. (1941). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 139(2), 973-974. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)72967-0
Vance, J. E. (2008). Journal of Lipid Research, 49(7), 1377-1387. DOI: 10.1194/jlr.R700020-JLR200
Glade, M. J., & Smith, K. (2015). Nutrition, 31(6), 781-786. DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.10.014

What is it?

L-theanine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, first identified in 1949 in the leaves of green tea (Camellia sinensis). It contributes to the characteristic umami taste of tea and is found in particularly high concentrations in Japanese gyokuro tea.

Why do we use it?

L-theanine is the characteristic amino acid of green tea, and we chose it for our formula alongside caffeine.

DID YOU KNOW?

L-theanine gives Japanese gyokuro tea its characteristic umami taste.

What is it?

Ginkgo biloba, also known as the maidenhair tree, is an ancient plant species that has existed for more than 270 million years. It has been used for various purposes in China since antiquity and spread in Europe in the 1700s. Extracts made from its leaves were used for various purposes in ancient traditions.

Why do we use it?

Ginkgo biloba plant extract has a long history in both traditional and modern use. It became part of lumiblu Focus as a consciously chosen ingredient of natural origin that has long been known in nutritional science.

DID YOU KNOW?

Ginkgo biloba is one of the oldest living tree species, and some individual trees are more than a thousand years old.

What is it?

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is one of the best-known and most widely used spices in the world, highly prized already in ancient India and in the Roman Empire. The spice trade played a significant role in shaping historical trade routes. Black pepper extract, piperine, is the alkaloid responsible for the pungent taste of pepper and was first isolated in 1819.

Why do we use it?

We use black pepper extract (piperine) in our formula as a complementary ingredient.

DID YOU KNOW?

Piperine is the pungent component of black pepper and is often used together with other plant extracts in food supplements.

Related literature

Dewanto, D., Kinanthi, P., Aqidatul, N., Sistharani, N., & Yuniasih, D. (2021). Ahmad Dahlan Medical Journal, 2(2), 78-84. DOI: 10.12928/admj.v2i2.5437

What is it?

Vitamin B1, also known as thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a key role in carbohydrate metabolism, in the functioning of the nervous system and in energy production. Observations by the Dutch physician Christiaan Eijkman at the end of the 19th century led to the discovery of thiamine. Vitamin B1 was first isolated in 1926 and then synthesised in 1936 by the American chemist Robert R. Williams, who also gave it the name “thiamine”.

Why do we use it?

Thiamine contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, to the normal functioning of the nervous system, to normal psychological function and to the normal function of the heart.

DID YOU KNOW?

Natural sources of thiamine include wholegrain cereals, legumes and pork.

Related literature

Bettendorff, L. (2012). In V. R. Preedy (Ed.), B Vitamins and Folate: Chemistry, Analysis, Function and Effects (pp. 71-92). Royal Society of Chemistry. DOI: 10.1039/9781849734714-00071
Božić, M. M., Milenković, M., Pavlović, D. M., Stamenković, M., & Pavlović, A. M. (2022). Srpski Arhiv za Celokupno Lekarstvo, 150(3-4), 233-237. DOI: 10.2298/SARH210929019B

What is it?

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in many metabolic processes. Its active form, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), takes part in more than 100 enzyme reactions, including the synthesis of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine and GABA.

Why do we use it?

Vitamin B6 contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, to the normal functioning of the nervous system, to normal psychological function and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

DID YOU KNOW?

Natural sources of vitamin B6 include meat, fish, potatoes and bananas.

Related literature

Jannusch, K., Jockwitz, C., Bidmon, H.-J., Moebus, S., Amunts, K., & Caspers, S. (2017). Frontiers in Neuroscience, 11, 596. DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00596

What is it?

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin that plays a vital role in DNA synthesis in cells, in the functioning of the nervous system and in the formation of red blood cells. It was discovered in the first half of the 20th century, and its structure was determined in 1956 by Dorothy Hodgkin, for which she received the Nobel Prize in 1964.

Why do we use it?

The vitamin B12 in the formula is a well-known nutrient that is present in many metabolic processes, and it was included in our composition with this in mind.

DID YOU KNOW?

Vitamin B12 contributes to normal energy-yielding metabolism, to the normal functioning of the nervous system, to normal psychological function and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue, and it has a role in the process of cell division.

Related literature

Troen, A. M. (2012). Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series, 70, 161-171. DOI: 10.1159/000337684

What is it?

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a water-soluble essential nutrient, first isolated in 1928 from the adrenal gland by the Hungarian scientist Albert Szent-Györgyi. He later discovered that paprika is an excellent source of this substance, which allowed him to produce it in larger quantities. Szent-Györgyi received the Nobel Prize in 1937 for his work.

Why do we use it?

Vitamin C contributes to normal collagen formation for the normal function of the skin and blood vessels, to the protection of cells from oxidative stress, to normal psychological function and to the reduction of tiredness and fatigue.

DID YOU KNOW?

Vitamin C has played an important role in maintaining health for centuries: eating citrus fruits was essential on long sea voyages. The body cannot produce it itself, so it has to come from the diet.

Related literature

Travica, N., Ried, K., Sali, A., Scholey, A., Hudson, I., & Pipingas, A. (2017). Nutrients, 9(9), 960. DOI: 10.3390/nu9090960
Hansen, S. N., Tveden-Nyborg, P., & Lykkesfeldt, J. (2014). Nutrients, 6(9), 3818-3846. DOI: 10.3390/nu6093818

What is it?

Spirulina, scientifically Arthrospira platensis, is a microscopic, spiral-shaped alga that was already eaten by the Aztecs. The Spanish conquistadors collected it from Lake Texcoco in Mexico and used it as food under the name “tecuitlatl”. Scientific interest in spirulina picked up again from the 1960s and is still going strong today.

Why do we use it?

Spirulina has become popular in modern food supplements because of its exceptional nutrient content. Its presence in the lumiblu Focus formula reflects our commitment to ingredients of natural origin with historical value.

DID YOU KNOW?

Spirulina has also attracted the interest of NASA and the European Space Agency as a potential food source for long space missions. Research has examined the antioxidant properties and nutrient content of spirulina, in particular its protein and vitamin composition.

Related literature

Kumar, S., Saha, S., Singh, K., Singh, T., Mishra, A. K., Dubey, B. N., & Singh, S. (2025). Current Functional Foods, 3(1), e120124225622. DOI: 10.2174/0126668629269256231222092721

What is it?

Caffeine is a compound that occurs naturally in coffee, tea and cocoa.

Why do we use it?

Caffeine is a well-known and widely used ingredient, included in our formula in a balanced amount (75 mg / daily 2 capsules).

DID YOU KNOW?

Caffeine is not only found in your morning coffee: it has been part of our culture for centuries. Ethiopian goat herders already noticed its stimulating effect when they saw their goats become livelier after eating the leaves of the coffee shrub. Today it is found in many food supplements, drinks and snacks.

Related literature

Einöther, S. J. L., & Giesbrecht, T. (2013). Psychopharmacology, 225(2), 251-274. DOI: 10.1007/s00213-012-2917-4